Simply compare the diagonal size of a full-frame 35mm sensor to the diagonal size of another image sensor. The actual calculation to figure out crop factor relates to the surface area of the sensor. That extra light captured by pixels on an image sensor with more surface area translates to better performance in low light scenarios and less digital noise. When talking about low light performance in cameras, it is the sensor that makes good performance possible. What this means to us is that each pixel is able to capture more light information, meaning better color depth for precision of color captured, greater dynamic range or amount of light intensity, meaning better and more accurate definition in light and dark areas of an image, and a much cleaner image. This is referred to as having a lower pixel density, as the same number of pixels have a larger area to occupy on an image sensor. As a result, those 18 million pixels are considerably larger on the DSLR chip. While an 18-megapixel point and shoot may have the same number of pixels as an 18-megapixel DSLR, the DSLR has a much bigger sensor. Sony FDR-AX1 and GoPro HERO3+ Black Edition are two 4K cameras with different size sensors, even though each one can do 4K video. When interpreted by signal processors and other fancy doohickeys in the camera, these pixels are combined in order to create a digital image. The light data contained in this file tells a story of brightness and color for each pixel within the image. How that process works varies slightly by sensor type and the camera’s computing bits, but put simply the sensor’s job is to take the light or photons that reach it and convert that light information into an image file containing data on color, tone, shadow and highlight. In digital photography a lens allows light to pass through to create the image of a scene, but instead of this light hitting a piece of film to later be chemically processed, an image sensor takes that light and converts it to a digital format which the camera can wrangle into a photo. With a film camera, the image stops at the sensor, but still requires developing and finishing. Inside a camera, an image goes from lens to sensor, and ultimately, a card. Only the technology used to get the job done has. The principles behind taking photos, and therefore shooting video, have not changed that dramatically. To put it simply, an image sensor is to a digital camera what film is to an analog camera. To get a better idea of what makes a bigger image sensor better – or not better, we will take a step back to look at what an image sensor is and what it does. While the sensors are performing the same function at the same resolution for these different cameras, their sensors, as well as an array of supporting hardware and software, are vastly different. Well, a few things, but basically in each of these devices there is an image sensor capable of capturing pictures 3840×2160 pixels or better in resolution. Maybe not at the same frame rate as the Blackmagic Production Camera 4K or a RED EPIC, but the frame size is the same. That new GoPro HERO3: Black Edition camera we reviewed can shoot 4K as well. The Blackmagic Design camera is a breakthrough device for many of us. ![]() OK, well, it’s not exactly cheap, but when compared with the incredible RED EPIC-M DRAGON announced at the same show, $29,000 for a brain alone, likely north of $50k when fully decked out. For instance, the introduction of the $4,000 Blackmagic Production Camera 4K made truly high performance 4K video accessible to smaller studios, enthusiasts as well as to budget-minded professionals.
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